Diabetes is a metabolic condition or disease that causes high blood sugar levels. Athough Type 1 diabetes cannot be prevented, early detection and treatment of Type 2 can reduce the risk of further complications and improve a patient’s overall quality of life. If proper treatment is not sought, diabetes can cause damage to the nerves, eyes, and kidneys, among other organs. Herein, we help one understand all about the essential aspects surrounding diabetes.
Symptoms
Some common symptoms that diabetes patients suffer from are,
Increased urination
There is an observed increase in the frequency of urination in patients, particularly at night.
Increased thirst
Patients often feel more thirsty than usual, which is a common symptom of this condition.
Unusual hunger
Another sign of diabetes is constant hunger, regardless of how recently one may have eaten.
Fatigue
High blood sugar levels can impact energy levels and cause one to feel very tired on a chronic level.
Slow-healing sores
Cuts and bruises may take weeks or months to heal as elevated glucose levels makes wounds and sores harder to recuperate.
Numbness or tingling
The body’s nerves sustain damage due to high blood sugar levels, causing tingling or numb sensations on the hands or feet.
Causes
The causes of diabetes are classified on the basis of type:
Type 1
This type of diabetes occurs when insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas are attacked by immune system. Genetics are believed to play a role in the development of Type 1 diabetes.
Prediabetes and Type 2
In this type of diabetes, a patient’s body either does not produce enough insulin or their body’s cells do not respond normally to it. Such a disparity leads to an increase in glucose levels in the bloodstream. Tye 2 diabetes is caused by a combination of factors, including genetics and lifestyle.
Gestational diabetes
Hormonal changes during pregnancy are the primary causes of this type of diabetes. Other causes include genetic and lifestyle factors. During the course of pregnancy, insulin-resistant cells are made by the hormones produced by the placenta. When the pancreas cannot produce sufficient insulin to overcome this resistance, glucose consequently remains in the bloodstream.
Treatment
Like we mentioned for causes, the treatment options for diabetes are also based on type.
Type 1
In Type 1, insulin is not produced by the pancreas and, therefore, insulin injections or an insulin pump will be advised by the doctor.
Type 2
Treatment for this type can include medications, insulin, and lifestyle changes. The FDA has approved over 40 medications for the treatment of diabetes. Usually, the first medication prescribed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes is is Metformin. SGLT2 inhibitors may also be used as they help to eliminate excess glucose from the body through the urine.
Prediabetes
The treatments are focused on preventing the progression to type 2 diabetes. Following a healthy meal and exercise regime can help decrease the chances of suffering from prediabetes.
Gestational diabetes
Modifying meals and regular exercise are the initial treatment options when blood glucose levels are not very high. For high blood sugar levels, insulin injections may be given.
Nutrition
One’s meal routine is a key factor in managing blood sugar levels and reducing the risk of complications due to diabetes.
Keeping portion sizes in check
Diabetics may need to eat every few hours to keep blood sugar levels steady. Consuming three small meals and three to four snacks throughout the day will help maintain a balanced sugar-to-insulin ratio in the blood.
Having more healthy foods
Patients must consume more healthy foods like fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean protein, and healthy fats. Foods containing saturated fats, trans fats, cholesterol, and sodium should be avoided. A Mediterranean or Dash nutritional regime can be followed as these plans are high in nutrition and fiber and low in fats and calories.
Limiting the intake of certain beverages
Sweetened beverages such as juices and sports and energy drinks are high in sugar, and their consumption should be limited. For those who are prescribed insulin, consuming alcohol could result in a drastic drop in blood sugar levels and, therefore, should be avoided.
