Psoriasis is a skin condition characterized by itchy, raised patches and scales, typically occurring on the knees, elbows, and scalp. Sometimes, these patches may appear on other body parts as well, including eyelids, hands, and feet. Psoriasis is caused when skin cells are replaced faster than the usual rate. Read on to understand the types and causes of psoriasis, foods to have and avoid, and remedies that help manage the condition.

Types of psoriasis

Plaque psoriasis
It is the most common psoriasis type and involves itchy, scaly patches on the elbows, scalp, knees, and back. Sometimes, these patches may also appear on other body parts. Plaque psoriasis often takes place in phases of varying severity levels.
Scalp psoriasis
It involves itchy, scaly patches throughout or in parts of the scalp. It may occur as one patch or multiple patches. Scratching the scalp can cause hair loss and other skin problems and must be avoided.
Guttate psoriasis
It is common among children and youngsters and is believed to stem from underlying bacterial—particularly sinus—infections. It involves tiny, drop-shaped scales on the arms, legs, chest, and stomach.
Pustular psoriasis
Yellow or white pus-filled blisters, or pustules, occur on the palms and soles. This condition is rare and may develop during pregnancy.
Inverse psoriasis
It involves smooth patches, moisture, and discoloration on the breasts, groin, and/or buttocks and is caused by infections due to friction or sweating.

What causes psoriasis?

Skin injuries
Injuries caused by sunburns, vaccinations, and insect bites can trigger psoriasis.
Health conditions
Some ailments, such as bronchitis, sinus infections, and poly-cystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), may lead to psoriasis.
Stress
Individuals with psoriasis have lower cortisol levels, the stress hormone regulating inflammation. Thus, stress can aggravate psoriasis considerably.
Family history
Skin affected by psoriasis contains gene mutations called alleles. However, family history is only a contributing factor, and not the only cause of psoriasis.
Hormonal changes
Hormonal changes, specifically in women during puberty, pregnancy, and menopause, majorly contribute to psoriasis.

Foods to eat

Fruits and vegetables
Berries, grapes, cherries, and leafy vegetables are anti-inflammatory and effective in controlling psoriasis.
Garlic
Garlic is a lipoxygenase inhibitor and helps prevent inflammation.
Fish
Fish varieties rich in omega-3, including salmon and sardines, help manage psoriasis.
Foods rich in healthy fats
Healthy fat sources like nuts, olive oil, and flaxseed increase immunity, alleviating the effects of psoriasis.

Foods to avoid

Dairy and red meat
Red meat and dairy should be avoided as they contain arachidonic acid, contributing to psoriasis.
Nightshade vegetables
Nightshades like tomatoes, eggplants, and peppers contain solanine, which irritates the digestive system and aggravates psoriasis symptoms.
Processed foods
Processed foods are linked with various health autoimmune conditions that can worsen psoriasis.

Treatments and remedies

Exposure to sunlight
UVB rays can slow down the cell replacement process and reduce inflammation. Limited exposure to sunlight is the key here.
Oregon grape
Oregon grape or barberry application can alleviate psoriasis symptoms and cause relief.
Fish oil
The application and consumption of fish oil, particularly from fish rich in omega-3, may help manage psoriasis.
Warm water baths
Frequent, but not excessive, warm-water bathing can soothe the psoriasis-affected areas.
Topical therapy
Topical therapy prescribed by one’s doctor may help treat psoriasis.