Atopic dermatitis (or eczema) makes the skin dry, bumpy, itchy, cracked, and red. It damages the skin barrier function, which makes the skin prone to allergies, dryness, and infections. About 16.5 million adults in the country are affected by this condition, and infants are more prone to eczema. While men and women are equally at risk, people with a family or personal history of asthma and allergies are more likely to develop atopic dermatitis.

Causes

The term eczema is derived from the Greek word “ekzein,” which means to break out or boil over. This condition can be brought on by various environmental factors and genetics. The environmental factors include irritants, microbes, stress, allergens, foods, hormones, and cold and hot temperatures. The immune system could also be responsible for this condition, as when the system overreacts to various allergens or irritants, it leads to skin inflammation.

Symptoms

People with atopic dermatitis can experience the following common symptoms:

Dry and itchy skin

Red rashes

Bumps on the skin

Swelling

Crusting skin

Skin flushing

Open or weeping sores

Leathery and scaly patches on the skin

Diagnosis and treatment

A thorough skin examination conducted by a healthcare expert or dermatologist is required to receive a proper diagnosis. A few diagnostic tests might also be recommended, which could include:

A skin test for allergy

Blood tests

Biopsy of the skin to distinguish one type from another

While there is no permanent cure for this condition, certain options can help relieve itching and discomfort. Doctors can recommend skincare products like creams and ointments or prescription options to help manage the symptoms.

Natural remedies

One can opt for various home care remedies available to relieve the atopic dermatitis symptoms and maintain skin health. Some common at-home remedies include:

Moisturizing the skin every day, especially after a bath or shower

Using a humidifier in dry weather
Avoiding tight-fitting clothing and rough or scratchy fibers 

Wearing soft cotton fabrics

Opting for a non-soap cleanser or mild soap for the skin

Avoiding rubbing the skin after a bath or shower

Managing stress

Getting adequate sleep

Best foods to have

Anti-inflammatory foods can help to relieve the symptoms of this skin condition. These foods include:

Fatty fish: Fatty fish such as herring and salmon contain omega-3 fatty acids that exhibit anti-inflammatory properties. One should aim for 250mg of omega-3 fatty acids daily from food.
Foods with quercetin: Quercetin, a plant-based flavonoid, is a strong antihistamine and antioxidant, so it helps reduce inflammation and histamine levels in the body. Quercetin can be found in apples, cherries, kale, spinach, broccoli, and blueberries.

Probiotics: The live cultures in foods with probiotics, such as yogurt, help boost immune system function. They can reduce allergic reactions or flare-ups. Sources include miso soup, kefir, tempeh, and naturally fermented pickles.

Foods to avoid

Some people may be allergic or sensitive to foods like dairy products, eggs, nuts, and gluten and should avoid them to prevent a flare-up. Other foods that can trigger the symptoms are:

Fast foods and processed food: These may contain unhealthy fats and preservatives, which can aggravate the symptoms.

Foods high in sugar: Foods such as cakes, sugary drinks, and sodas can spike insulin levels and cause inflammation.

One should look out for common atopic dermatitis symptoms and consult a dermatologist to get the proper treatment.